Deep Dives
Thought-provoking research providing extensive learning opportunities

Ocean renewable energy for equitable energy access in a Blue Economy

Andrés M. Cisneros-Montemayor, Shana L. Hirschm Trent Dillon, et al., Nature Energy Solutions

Offshore and coastal renewable energy could be a key contributor to energy sovereignty, decarbonization efforts, and co-benefits to other sectors of a Blue Economy. 

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Fuelling the Future: How Business, Finance and Policy can Accelerate the Clean Fuels Market

World Economic Forum, Bain & Company Energy Solutions Shipping & Ports

Amid rising global energy demand and evolving market dynamics, clean fuels are a key pillar for a more secure, affordable and sustainable energy system.

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Debt-For-Carbon: Using Carbon Credits For Debt Relief

Igor Shi shlov, et al., Environmental Defense Fund Fisheries & Aquaculture

This discussion paper proposes an evolution of the instrument: integrating carbon credits— particularly those generated under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement or high-integrity voluntary carbon market programs—into sovereign debt operations. 

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Ocean Heat Content Sets Another Record in 2025

Yuying Pan, et al., Advances in Atmospheric Sciences

Global ocean warming continued unabated in 2025 in response to increased greenhouse gas concentrations and recent reductions in sulfate aerosols, reflecting the long-term accumulation of heat within the climate system, with conditions evolving toward La Niña during the year.

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Fuel for thought: Hydrogen

Lloyd’s Register Shipping & Ports

Fuel for Thought: Hydrogen is Lloyd’s Register’s definitive guide to the role of hydrogen in the maritime sector’s journey towards decarbonisation. 

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Navigating nuclear energy in maritime

Lloyd's Register Energy Solutions

Nuclear industries are preparing for increased technology deployment in advance of the next major stage of energy transition.

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Conserving key coastal areas for mangrove expansion and eco-tourism secures ecosystem services under sea-level rise

Kostantinos A. Stamoulis, et al., Nature Tourism

Blue carbon nature-based solutions (NbS) can mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration and storage, and support climate change adaptation and resilience by supplying ecosystem benefits.

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The Commonwealth Guide to Blue Bond Issuance

The Commonwealth, ORRAA, Blue Bond Accelerator

The Commonwealth Guide to Blue Bond Issuance has been developed to help governments assess, design and implement credible sovereign blue bond programmes and support countries to make informed, practical decisions that balance sustainability goals with fiscal realities.

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Breaking the Plastic Wave 2025

The Pew Charitable Trusts Plastics & Pollution

An Assessment of the Global System and Strategies for Transformative Change

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Financing Regenerative Seaweed and Aquaculture: The Investment Need and Opportunity

Systemiq, Planet Ocean Capital, & Global Seaweed Coalition Fisheries & Aquaculture

This white paper details the €1.7 billion financing opportunity and fit-for-purpose debt models needed to scale regenerative seaweed and bivalve aquaculture across Europe.

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The State of Ocean-Based Climate Action in 2025 Nationally Determined Contributions: A Preliminary Update

Micheline Khan, et al., World Resources Institute Energy Solutions Fisheries & Aquaculture Shipping & Ports

This working paper provides a forward-looking preliminary analysis of how countries are integrating ocean-based climate actions into the 2025 NDCs submitted following the first Global Stocktake. It identifies trends in ambition, equity, and implementation readiness across ocean-related targets, policies, and measures.

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Co-producing ocean plans with Indigenous and traditional knowledge holders

Claudia Baron-Aguilar et al., Nature

Globally, there is a call to recognize and empower Indigenous Peoples and traditional knowledge holders’ leadership in ocean governance, yet the ensuing processes often maintain power inequities and colonial legacies. 

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Handbook on Sustainable Ocean Plans

High Level Panel for A Sustainable Ocean Economy

The ‘Handbook on Sustainable Ocean Plans: A Practitioners’ Guide’ provides a practical framework to help countries design and implement Sustainable Ocean Plans (SOPs). SOPs are comprehensive, country-driven frameworks to sustainably manage 100% of the ocean area under national jurisdiction.

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2030 shipping goal at risk despite historic progress made by IMO: New report

Domagoj Baresic, Vishnu Prakash, et al., Global Maritime Forum Shipping & Ports

The shipping sector is still off track to meet its climate target of having at least 5-10% of the fuel used in international shipping come from scalable zero-emission sources by 2030, according to a new progress report.

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Guidelines for Blue Finance Version 2.0

IFC World Bank Group and Various Partners

Guidance for financing the Blue Economy, building on the Green Bond Principles and the Green Loan Principles. 

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Ocean carbon dioxide removal: What’s on the horizon?

Emma Parry & Mark Patel, McKinsey Sustainability

Ocean CO2 removal offers opportunities for a range of stakeholders. While significant development is needed, these unique climate technologies could be game-changing at scale—here’s how.

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Climate Intuition: Power Rewired: The new map of energy and geopolitics

Sarah Kapnick, J.P. Morgan Energy Solutions

Explore the transformative shifts in global energy and geopolitical dynamics and their impact on investment.

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Identifying and closing gaps in corporate reporting of ocean impacts

J. B. Jouffray, et al., Nature

As ocean industrialization accelerates, corporate transparency is increasingly seen as critical to improve governance, yet little is known about how firms disclose their impacts on marine ecosystems. 

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Social equity indicators for a Blue Economy: Guidelines for application

A.M. Cisneros-Montemayor, et al., Science Direct

Social equity goals are specifically stated in most new ocean management and development plans, notably those aligned with a Blue Economy that recognizes the significant and rising inequities across ocean spaces and sectors.

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Strengthening Financial Pathways In Mangrove Conservation

Magnitude Global Finance, Mangrove Breakthrough

Building the case for mangrove-positive microfinance.

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